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Do we backshift from past simple to past perfect talking about STATES?
Hello. I'm sorry for a boring question, but do we backshift from past simple to past perfect talking about states? I need to understand why I my brain refuses to use "had been able" instead of "were able" in the sentence (it's from an English test): "The great Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdal believed that ancient people were able to build boats that could cross oceans"
"Were able" is a state, right?
I know that when the sequence of events is clear, we are free not to use backshifting from past simple to past perfect. We can still use past perfect, though, - it's optional in writing. But I don't think it's possible in this example. I think, it would be possible if the sentence was: "The great Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdal believed that ancient people (had) built boats that could cross oceans", because here it's an event (built boats), not a statement. Am I right or wrong? Thank you =)
P.S. The thing is that "were able" is the only correct answer in the test.
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My translation of a friend's story
Hello. My friend asked me to help her translate the school composition about what happened to her when she was a child.
I would be grateful if you give it a look and tell if there are mistakes... any remarks are appreciated =)
This story took place in 2011. I visited Turkey for the first time in my life then. We, that is, my grandmother, my mother and I, spent a lot of time planning this trip. The crucial thing was to find a big hotel. For me personally, there was no difference at all, but my grandmother wanted to walk around a big one, so she could feel like the Queen of the Palace. This all sounded funny untill I got lost in that hotel.
One day, when we were walking in a park, my mom asked me to bring her something that was in our room. This was the first time I had to go there alone. I decided to take a shortcut and went down the stairs which I hadn't used before. Somehow, I ended up in a different hotel! There, I saw a lot of strangers walking around, speaking English to each other... My mind just went blank at that moment and I forgot how to get back. I tried to make some exploration of what surrounded me to find my bearings, but in the end I found myself completely lost. My palms got sweaty. There were too many foreign people and too many unfamiliar stairs around me. I was scared that I wouldn't find my mom. I couldn't think of anything better to do than crying. It did not help me, so I pulled myself together and picked random stairs to walk up. Luckily, it led me to my mother and my granny. I hugged them and stayed like that, crying, for a long time. They, though, couldn't understand the whole range of feelings I had recently lived through. In fact, they even told me off for not bringing what they asked me to bring. But I didn't care - I was happy to find my family. Still in Turkey, I hadn't been letting go of mother's hand after that little accident.
Now that I'm old enough, I don't do that, of course, but I still get terrified by just a thought of losing them.
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