ㄴ는다 plain form vs 방말 with friends Hi! Today is not about the grammar. I wanted to ask how Koreans feel about the plain form compared to the casual form? I know it can be used only among close friends and I’ve got some informations that it feels even more blunt and masculine? So is it even lower than 어/아 form? I’ve heard that people tend to mix these 2 forms, but I think the plain form is being used less; would it be awkward to talk fully in the plain form? When do you actually use it; when you want to hide your feelings?

고 보다 vs 고 나다 Hi! I’ve learned about 고 나다 (나서/나니까/나면) recently, but then I found out this 고 보다 form which I can apparently use in the same way(?) But what is the difference between them? Any nuance? I literally can’t find anything but one website about this form.

(으)니까 Hi, I’ve almost finished learning about the (으)니까 form, but I found some exclusive informations. So (으)니까 has 2 main usages, the ‘cause and effect’ and discovery/ background information. Most pages said that I can’t use (으)니까 to explain emotions and I have to use for example 서 instead, but I’ve seen some examples like 샤워를 하니까 기분이 좋아요. So is this incorrect? (does being hungry, tired, sick counts?) And does this rule apply for the second meaning as well? + Could you provide me some simple examples with the second meaning (context, discovery etc.)

ㄹ/을까 봐 Hi, I’ve been learning 을까 하다 and found out that I can replace it with 봐 (I know that it also means to be worried) but is the meaning the same or it has a different nuance? Does it also translate as „I’m thinking of”? + I tried to look it up on naver and I found this weird 야 할까 봐 form which was mostly translated as „should” so could you explain to me how is it different from 야 되다 or 면 되요 for example? How is this form built and how can I translate it?

시 suffix when talking directly Hi! Can you help me with understanding when should I really use the 시 suffix? (I get this “talking about a third person who needs more respect” concept but 시 is used also when I’m talking to this person directly, isn’t it? So for example what’s the difference between 요 and 세요? / ㅂ니다 and 십니다? I think it’s even more polite (ex. 세요 is used for more polite command) but when should I use it? (like idk ㅂ니다 for my boss and 십니다 for my boss’s boss?) I’ve seen 시 even as 셔 in 방말 so when should I give respect to a close friend? I’m confused so please give me examples

어/아 야 usage Hi! I’ve been learning 어/아 야 form as for “only if” 한국어를 배워야 한국에서 편하게 살 수 있어요. (Only if you learn korean you can live comfortably in Korea.) But now I see that it can be used when you try to say that there is a little chance (or not at all?) of something happening? 지금 서둘러야 9시 비행기를 타기는 어려을 거예요. (It will be difficult to catch a 9 o’clock plane even now?) 네가 아무리 울어야 소용이 없다. (No matter how often you cry, It’s useless.?) How to translate this usage properly and when do people use it? Could you give me more examples? (with translation please!)

고 있다 with 살다 and 알다 Hi! Can you tell me the difference between 📌한국에 살아요 vs 한국에 살고 있어요 I’ve seen them as often, does the second one have a feeling that I live here for now and I’m not sure if I will later? If it does, why would someone even ask 어디에 살고 있어? pehaps to someone who change his place often? Or just moved out? Where do you live for now? 📌어디에 살아/살고 있어 vs 어디에서 I’ve checked the 살다 dictionary meaning on naver and it says that is to live, be alive or reside somewhere - so shouldn’t it be 어디에 as for a passive verb? Or should I look at it from perspective „I live there” as I am residing, eating, work itd here so 에서 📌알아 vs 알고 있어 Why I am knowing? If I know something now I probably will for a long time. I’ve looked up on some sites and natives says that is completely the same but I don’t think that’s possible, it has to change something right?

가지다 vs 있다 as -to have Hi, I know a lot of people have asked this question already, but I still didn’t get answers to mine. I know that 있다 has a lot of different usages, but I’m interested only in the ‚to have’ usage. How is that different from 가졌어/가지고 있다? (I’ve read that people often use the 고 있다 form not to be confuse if either I have or had something as the past form is the „normal” one). I thought that 있다 is the general ‚have verb’ as I can say I have an object, friend, a job etc. and 가지다 is more like posses, so only for things + I’ve read that I can’t use it with people like posses a boyfriend which totally makes sense. But now I found out that people say 가지다 for not physical things too! Ex. 자연미에 섬세한 감각을 가지다 (have a delicate sense of natural beauty) 주도권을 가지다 (to have an initiative) 종회를 가지다 (have a family meeting) So is there any difference between these two in these cases? Are they synonyms? When can I use one and one not? 펜이 있어? 펜을 가지고 있어?

지/죠 ending, 되다 forms Hi, I’ve collected some questions about 지/죠 and 되다, so I hope you can help. 📌 Firstly, I got the general idea of 지 ending, but there were some that I’m not sure If are actually true. Using 지 ending as a stating of a routine, habit ex. 저는 한국어를 공부하지. Using 지 to make a sentence softer. How does it work? What does it mean then? 📌 How is the 어/아 야지 different from 어/아 야 되다? Is it even more casual than 돼 without for example 요? 📌 What is the difference between 그래 and 그지? Because I suppose that 그래 is an agreement to a proposition, like „okay, sure, no problem” while 그지(그렇지?) is more like an agreement to someones statement like „that’s right, true” Is this correct? + what’s the difference between 이렇다 and especially between 그렇다 and 저렇다? I know it’s “this way” and “that way” but when should I use it? I think 이렇다 is more specific, 이렇게 하고 싶어요 - We’re talking about it now While 그렇다 more general 그런 사람을 맏지 않아요 - I don’t trust THOSE type of people But 저렇지 i honestly have no idea.