Employee reward systems It has been considered that in order to make people work hard and increase productivity enterprises apply some measures such as set of incentives or rewards. The professor argues that the rewarding system applied by most of employers is not necessary a good factor for increasing productivity. Most workers just prefer to have well-paid job in general instead of incentives. In addition, the professor states that according to some studies, rewards in a company can affects adversely on productivity of employees. For instance, many people look at the rewarding system as some sort of manipulation from the company. The owners of businesses use that system of incentives as a tool to control employees. Obviously, people usually get irritated and demotivated by this fact. It is also can have influence on the quality of the work or product, since it affects collaboration within the company. Finally, the article states that rewarding system can be beneficial for both sides if it well-structured and designed.

Childhood It is thought that childhood is the happiest part of the human's life, all things being equal. To me personally, I always remember my childhood with good feelings and I do believe that this particular time in life is the best for a few reasons. Firstly, when I was a child all people treated me as they love me unconditionally, just because who I am. Adults have to constantly prove that they are deserve to be treated respectfully. Thus, being child is kind of unique time in life. It is the time of childhood when person's character is forming. Consequently, responsible parents invest their efforts in order to help their child become a good person. Eventually it will lead to best future. The second reason why I consider childhood as the happiest time of a person's life is that children are especially passionate about whatever they are doing. They don't need to spend time thinking about problems of living. For example, grown people often think about how to earn money in order to buy food, or how to stay healthy and so on. In contrast, children use their energy to learn how the world is designed and they enjoying each day playing with other children or doing things by themselves. Many people have been struggling living their life full of diseases, stress and violence. Sometime it is highly recommended for adults to change their attitudes in terms of perception the reality and try to copy children's behavior and not being so serious about themselves.

Need some help with my letter to admissions office Dear Sir or Madam, I am taking the TOEFL exam on January 18, consequently I will not have the original document with the results by the deadline. Can I upload a screenshot of the page with the official TOEFL scores from my personal account on www.ets.org? Also, I can provide you with my login and password in order to check my results. Respectfully, Ivan Istomin.

Please correct me or help me to improve my email. Thank you in advance! Dear Sir/ Madam, I have all my required documents ready except my TOEFL scores. Can I apply if my TOEFL score is not sufficient? I plan to retake the exam right after deadline (as soon as possible) to achieve an adequate score. Can I submit my new TOEFL results after the deadline? Sincerely, Ivan

Compare the advantages of marrying at young age to marrying at an older age Marriage has been considered as an essential part of a person’s life since ancient time. In modern world men and women are free to choose the right time to get married. In order to make conscious decision individuals should take into account advantages and disadvantages of marrying at different age. Marrying at young age can be beneficial for many people due to some compelling reasons, of the many of them two in particular stand out. The first reason is related to simple fact that young people has a lot more energy and better state of health as opposed to those in older age. That should be a significant factor when it comes to building strong relationships in the long run. Dealing with problems in family can be extremely challenging physically and emotionally at the same time. It requires both partners to put all efforts in order to overcome obstacles in family life and make it stable and happy. On the other hand, marriage supposedly leads to child birth. Obviously, young female potentially has more chances to give birth to healthy child comparing to older woman, all things being equal. The other advantage of being married at young age lies on opportunity to find another partner in case of divorce. Generally, the young people find their love ones more easily since they are more open minded and do not have many significant restrictions such as lack of free time or problems with health that many older people do have. Considering all these reasons, I can state that marrying at young age has certain advantages, especially related to health condition. In addition, each person can have individual circumstances and priorities that will be crucial for final decision associated with marriage age. The key factor here is that choice should be rational and fairly well-motivated.

A university education is necessary for success in today's world. (Agree or disagree question) Many people believe that, on of the key factors leading to success in modern world is education. It has been considered that well-educated person knows how to tackle with problems more efficiently rather than someone else. Personally, I believe that having a university degree can be essential prerequisite in order to achieve something significant in life for several reasons. The first reason is that usually people who study at the university obtain sufficient skills and knowledge that is highly required for future career path. For instance, most companies and organizations have certain mandatory expectations about perfect candidate they are looking for. Having a degree in particular specialization is one of the most common requirements. Even if person have enough knowledge and skills for desirable job position, but unable to demonstrate certificate from the university or college, that might be compelling reason for HR to refuse. Undoubtedly, there are many other ways to convince employer to hire particular person, especially in IT sphere, but generally, high-skilled job positions imply that would-be employee has an evidence of competency in the form of academic degree. The other good reason to get university education is related to special environment or atmosphere that university provides for students. For example, when I was studying environmental management at the university in Moscow, I met a lot of intelligent and interesting people. While some of them contributed to my growth as a specialist at that time, the others gave me their valuable recommendations, that I used in order to get my first job offer from on of the top consulting firms dealing with environmental issues. Thus, university is the best place when it comes to networking and finding mentor. All things considered I can state that university education provides knowledge, skills and networks which are extremely important for those people who are willing to become successful in modern society.

Which kind of projects do you think produce more learning and why? While many students prefer to work on group projects, I believe that individual projects are much more beneficial in terms of educational purposes for a few reasons. First, students learn more when they work independently. For example, when I was working on personal assignment for my Human Geography class at the university, I had to learn how to deal with statistics or how to draw a map on the computer program in order to complete different parts of the task on my own because I couldn’t delegate it to other student. Second, it is easy to organise the process of performing the assignment while working independently. For instance, In group project students usually have difficulties when it comes to allocation time for group meeting since everyone has different schedule. Finally, after completing the individual project, eventually student is getting more relevant and direct feedback on her or his work. Meanwhile, teacher evaluates group work as effort of all students involved in group project. It means that student's mark depends on the work of other team members as well. All things considered, I can conclude that individual project work is more effective method of learning because it requires student to be particularly responsible for final result and gives sufficient freedom and motivation to succeed.

Smoking should be banned in all public places The problem of smoking has been existing since ancient times. In modern society there are a lot of discussions about the topic of smoking in public places. From my point of view, smoking publicly should be prohibited for a few reasons. One reason for that restriction is that humans have their basic rights including the right for clean environment. I believe constitution of each country has the point stating that citizens have the right to breath with pure air and it's guaranteed. Consequently, smoking restrictions support the idea allowing people to have fresh air. Besides of that, nobody wants to be passive smoker, when person inhales smoke emitted by other person. Another reason smoking publicly to be banned is that it can cause serious harm to health of the people who are particularly vulnerable (sensitive, susceptible?) to that. For instance, children and babies have to be protected from smoking cigarettes either passive and active since young organism has not developed enough in order to sustain side effects of smoking such as coughing, headache or increased heart rate. Children affected by nicotine may end up with harmful consequences as reduction in activity of brain and nervous system. Another group of people sensitive to the harm that smoking brings about is people suffering from diseases of respiratory system. For example, people who have asthma are especially at risk, because second-hand smoking cause symptoms of that illness and make it even worse. The results of side effects of smoking can be fatal for that category of people. Finally, It is extremely obvious that smoking in public places promotes unhealthy life style among the society. When people observe it quite often, they may start to think that smoking is particularly common habit almost everyone have. Simultaneously, people don,t take into considereation the fact that this habbit can eventually lead to severe diseases such as lung cancer or heart attack. In conclusion, smoking in public places such as parks, restaurants and other, should be forbidden due to significant damage it can cause to the human’s health and inconvenience for many people in general. Besides of that, smoking in public poses an advertisement of bad habit, without any clue it can lead to lung cancer and other severe illnesses. Al these reasons indicate the importance for smoking to be banned.

Long vacation versus several breaks (speaking task) While some students would prefer to have one long vacation within the academic year, I beleive that several short breaks would be more beneficial for a few reasons. First, it is extremely common situation when student are struggling to focus on their studies after continuous relaxing time they had at home or elsewhere. For instance, when I was studying ecology at Moscow state university I had a friend who had passed all his midterms ahead of time and went to traveling across the country for almost a month. However, after he came back to the university he had serious difficulties with concentration due to the fact that he was completely distracted by relaxing mood. Second, I think that necessity to have a break during education process occurs not just once during academic year. For example, students have been studying for a year, and eventually get tired after their midterms, finals, inernships etc. that take place at different time of the year. Consequently, having several vacations can be more convenient for more students. All things considered, I can state that several short vacations would be much more preferable for students, especially for their mental health.