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The Skopos Theory is an approach to translation which put forward by Hans Vemeer and developed in Germany in the late 1970s. In 1984, Hans Vemeer and K. Reiss co-wrote a book named General Foundation of Translation Theory in which they put forward the core idea of Skopos Theory the translators should hold the thought from the perspective of target readers during the process of translation. Therefore, translators should bear in mind what the role of translation text is, what the target readers’ demand is and even what communicative situation is. From what talked above, it’s easy to conclude that Skopos Theory has helped to bring the target text into focus, and a translation is not primarily determined by a source text, but its own Skopos. In a word, all the choices of translation strategies in Skopos Theory are decided by the purpose of translation , to achieve a better understanding of the target language readers and a suitable function text. It includes three principal rules: the Skopos rule, the coherence rule and fidelity rule.
The first one, Skopos rule, means that the a translation action is determined by purpose. It is the mean rule of this theory. For example, the title “Harry Potter” is just translated into “哈利波特”in order to achieve the informative Skopos, telling the target audience that it is a story about a boy named “哈利波特”.Coherence rule means that the translation, must observe the standard of intra-textual coherence, which would make the translated text readable and acceptable for target audience in an actual communicative context. (Lv LQ, Zhu HY, Ning PY, 2014, p. 901-905)In other words, the translation must be acceptable and understandable for recipients in communication environment and knowledge background of the purpose language. For example, we translated the movie title “Friday the 13”into“黑色星期五”instead of “13日的星期五”because in the target audiences’culture,13 do not means bad luck.
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finding language exchanging friends i m Chinese
我是中国学生 正在学习英语和日语
我可以教你中文
i m a Chinese college studen and i m learning English and Japenese now
let us be friends
i can teach you Chinese
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