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Ley Mordaza
La Ley Orgànica de Protecciòn de la Seguridad ciudadana, mas conocida como Ley Mordaza, entrò en vigor el 1 de Julio del 2015.
La Mordaza es un trozo de tela con el que se taba la boca a alguien.
Esta ley fue el resultado de muchas manifestaciones pacificas entre 2011 y 2012. La mas controvertida fue aquella del 25 de septiembre que querìa rodear el palacio del Congresos de los deputatos.
La policìa tuvo muchas fuerzas contra los manifestantes, he habido un choque y han habido muchas detenciones y heridos.
Muchas personas del mundo polìtico nacional y extranjero comparon esta reacciòn como el Sistema de Policìa de Franco.
Tenemos antecedentes històricos come en Venezuela, Costa Rica, Mèxico y en Ecuador.
Esta ley es un proyeto que va a poner algunas reglas restrictivas por la difusiòn de infromaciòn y la l'acciòn de la fuerza de policìa. Toda la opociones conjuntamente fue contra este proyeto, entonces para llegar a la aprobaciòn fue el 1 de Julio, y el Gobierno lo presentò en el 2013.
Esta ley reemplazò aquella antes, conocida como 'Ley Corchera', en vigor desde 1992.
Tambièn el còdigo penal fue cambiado, de hecho 40 nuevas infracciones entraron en vigor.
Sin embargo, muchas periodistas dicen que es diferente de la dictatura de Franco, de heco la gente puede manifestar contra el gobierno y el PP, aunque controla el 90% de los periodicos en el Estado, la poblaciòn es muy bien enformada sobre las mas importantes cuestiones.
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Las generales del 20 de diciembre en España
El primero de octubre el presidente del Gobierno, Mariano Rajoy, pusa fecha a las elecciones generales. Èl iniciò a una salida de carrera electoral, que acabarìa el 20 de diciembre. A falta de programas oficiales, muchos partidos politìcos presentaron alcuna iniciativas.
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My introduction for a project
I'm attending the third and last year of university of political science, in Pisa.
The course is characterized, in particular, for an eye over economic and law view. Its name is: 'Scienze dell'amministrazione e dell'organizzazione'.
After graduation I'm interested to continue on studying statistics.
I'd like to partecipate to the project because it gives me the opportunity to combine two things I like the most: first of all it let me apply my language skills ( espacially English and French), I like to learn languages, but I barely can use them in an active situation; then I like technologies, computers and things related to.
My studyings barely let me improve and explore new paths to combine my skills.
Furthermore the period fits with my university commitments.
I'm really into technologies. Although I'm attending political science, I'm really interested in scientific topics, maths, statistics and I know I'm capable to get the skills needed to offer to the group. Maybe they don't fit exactly in a first moment, but the will to learn will guide me to show my potentials.
My interests are: politics, maths, statistics, computers, how people uses technologies and how they affects their lives, share moments and thoughts with people to increase our knowledge.
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Les choses à voir à Paris
Salut a tout le monde,
Je serai à Paris du 1 au 5 Octobre. Je suis avec un mon copine, nous arrivons l'après-midi et nous avons quatre jours pour visiter Paris.
Nous voulons préparer un itinéraire jour par jour. Avez-vous des conseils? Nous aimons l'histoire, l'art classique, la politique, la photographie.
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A less known German politician - part 2
In 1954 he abandoned the idea of a political integration in Europe, due to the failure of European Defence Community, and he advocated an further integration in economic integration.
The first step of this goal was the Messina Conference in 1955.
When in 1958 the Treaties of Rome came into force, he became the first President of the European Commision.
He realized the reality that a bigger and further unity in Europe would have been more difficult and less fast than he thought, but as President he gave him over this cause. He wanted the Commision and Parliament to be strong and not to subordinated to national governments. He had a federal view on Europe, unlike what French's President, Charles De Gaulle, thought. This test of strength (or tag-of-war) lasted until France withdrew all of its representatives from European institutions, the so-called 'Empty Chair Crisis' in 1965 for a short period.
However it is also for his ability of persuasion, diplomatic skills that Europe has been what we know today.
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A less known German politician - part 1
Hallstein was born in 1901 in German. He studied Law and political science in Berlin and Munich.
After he had been graduated he started to work at the University covering many roles (assistant, examiner and lecturer). In 1930 he was appointed as Chair of Private and Company law.
In 1942 Nazis made him join the army, in spite of his hostility towards them.
He was imprisoned by Americans in 1944 and he set up in the camp a little university of sorts to educate his fellow on the law and rights.
He was one of the first scholar visiting America, and this experience led him convince that joining international institutions were necessary to strength democracy after WWII, e.g. NATO and UN.
He was an excellent diplomatic, indeed Adenauer appointed him as the head of the German delegation during the Schuman Conference.
He worked closely to Jean Monnet, his French counterpart. In 1951 he was appointed as State Secretary in the Federal Foreign Office and he dealt with many issues: European Defence Community, compensation for Jewish people and foreign policy in general.
It is well-known his 'Hallstein Doctrine', it was a strict policy agreement that bind West Germany not to have any diplomatic networks with countries recognizing East Germany.
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A Dutch European founding father - Beyen part 2
Beyen's idea of cooperation was much bigger than what it was actually realised. He knew that a political union was impossible to apply, however he saw a path to this ambitious aim through more fasten economic cooperation.
That's why he drew up the so-called 'Beyen Plan'. With his experience in financial field he was aware that economical topic were tough to solve at a national level.
Whilst he found a strong opposition and little support, after the failure of the European Defence Community, this changed.
A full economic cooperation was necessary along the lines of Benelux example. Paul Henri-Spaak joined this idea to a French plan for a community for atomic energy. Beyen outlined his idea at the Messina Conference, i.e. the purpose of a further economic cooperation that was mandatory for a political union, managed by a supranational authority. This would be applied, signing the treaties of Rome in 1957.
There is no doubt he gave an impetus for the unification process, although his role has been overlooked in later years.
(The party has not been corrected yet, if you have time, I wrote it few days ago)
Thanks
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A German politician - part 2
Dealing with his political view, he was a realist, he couldn't forget what both the First and the Second World Wars put Europe through. He tried and succeed to fix the century-long rivality between his country and France.
He took one of the leading roles for the European Coal and Steel Community, which started with the Schuman Declaration on 9 May 1950, and also the later treaty for the European Economic Community in March 1957.
Adenauer's most important achievement was to unify Europe to avoid events such as the Second World War. He worked tirelessly for the best outcome possible, to reconciliate Germany with its former enemies, especially with France. The Élisée Treaty seat the seal on this reconciliation.
Adenauer is and remains an extraordinary figure both on the German and on the European stage.
In 2003 he was voted as “The greatest German of all time”.
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Past perfect
in this sentence: he had been the first Chancellor of the the Federal Republic of Germany after the IISecond wWorld wWar since 1949, for 14 years.
Which is better: 'had been' or 'was'? And Why?
I've choosed 'had been' because right after I put since and for.
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Italian European father
Alcide de Gasperi was an Italian politician. He was born in 1881 in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in the Italian-speaking area of Trento region (now part of Italy).
He attended University in Vienna, studying Philology. During his studies he became politically committed, in particular in the Catholic student movement.
In 1905 came back to Trentino and he became a reporter for a Catholic newspaper.
In 1911 was elected in the Austrian Parliament to represent the Italian-minority interests.
At the end of the First World War, his home region became part of Italy. In 1919 founded the Italian's People Party alongside Don Luigi Sturzo and he was elected in the Italian parliament in 1921
However the party was outlawed in 1926 due to the fascist period and De Gasperi himself was imprisoned and sentenced for four years and then freed after 18 months thanks to the intervention of the Vatican.
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