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(From textbook) Could anyone help me to clarify these sentences?

Adverbs and adverbial phrases that qualify a whole clause or sentence (rather that qualifying just one word) often have their own intonation phrase. If placed at the beginning, they usually have a leading non-final fall-rise (or rise). If placed at the end, they tend to have a trailing rise.

Unvfortunately l I've 'lost your \letter.

Un/fortunately l I've 'lost your \letter.

Most adverbials, like unfortunately in this example, limit the sense of the main clause in some way. So we call this pattern with an adverbial a limiting non-fall.

Here are some more examples:

vFrankly, l I'm 'rather an\noyed.

vNext week l I'm 'going to \Frankfurt.

However, some adverbials are said with a falling tone. Their meaning is not to limit the sense of the main clause, but rather to reinforce it. We call this tone meaning with an adverbial a reinforcing fall.

D' you 'think I ought to /say something?   Of \course, l you must pro\test.

I 'promise to \love you l for\ever.

I've 'never heard anything so ri\diculous l in 'all my born \days

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I have tried to understand the meaning of underlined parts, but I couldn't.

1.limit the sense of the main clause in some way

2.but rather to reinforce it

Could anyone explain them to me in detail, please? 

May 29, 2016
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Practice for IELTS Writing Task 2 : Studying Abroad It is true that at present students find more opportunity to do a university degree in foreign countries than students did in the past. There are both several benefits and drawbacks of studying abroad. Studying abroad can be beneficial to students in various ways. Firstly, staying away from hometown can make students a lot more independent. For example, at the beginning, they may feel anxious to do all things by themselves in the unfamiliar surroundings such as using a public transport, buying food in another language, and seeking a place to stay. When time passes, they will be accustomed to doing things on their own. Secondly, being in foreign country can open up new horizon for students because they can interact with foreigners, giving them insights into things that they may not have heard or known about. Thirdly, students can improve their foreign languages. They definitely have a chance to talk to native speakers, take a lessons and do everything in another language. It is completely sure that their language skills will be better than they were in their own country. On the other hand, this development can be extremely negative. To begin with, students are likely to get desperately homesick as they do not see their family for a considerable time. Furthermore, the costs of living in other countries are higher, in developed countries in particular. For example, housing, bills, health care, and education in European countries are more expensive compared to in Thailand. Therefore, money should be spent wisely. In conclusion, while there are many compelling reasons to study aboard, students inevitably experience disadvantages. Careful consideration should be given before going abroad.
May 26, 2015
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Practice Writing for IELTS : Pressurring children to eat People have different views about whether or not adults should put pressure on children to eat. I completely disagree with the idea that young people should be forced to eat certain types of food. There are negative effects of pressure and restriction. To begin with, children with restrictive parents may become obese later because not allowing them to eat tasty foods usually increase their desire for them. Secondly, pushing can cause anxiety among children. For example, children are feared to be beaten if they to eat certain foods. This is common when parents are abusive. Alternative ways can be used to positively influence children’s eating habits. Firstly, parents should set a good example to the children. Since children are more likely to try unfamiliar foods if they observe someone else eating them, I suggest that parents eat healthy foods regularly such as vegetables, fruits, eggs and lean meats. This would raise the possibility of consumption. I also propose eating together as a family. It will prevent children from becoming overweight because children tend to make poorer food choices when eating in front of television. In conclusion, I do not think that pressuring children is a good idea and I believe that other methods are more effective.
May 26, 2015
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Practice for IELTS Writing Task 2 :Traffic Congestion and Pollution Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective? There has been a rise in traffic congestion and pollution in several cities in the world. Some people think that pushing the petrol prices up is the best way to tackle these problems. Personally, I completely disagree with this view, because I believe that other measures would be more appropriate. There are many reasons for not raising the prices of petrol. Higher fuel prices could not solve the problems effectively. Firstly, most drivers are high-income and above-average people and as a result despite higher prices, they are still capable of paying for fuels. In addition, these such prices would be a heavy burden on working people who have low income and a big mortgage on the house. Thirdly, the unemployment rates in the country are likely to go up because of growing costs of doing businesses, domestic transportation businesses in particular. Alternative measures could be taken to address the problems. One good idea is for the government to improve public transport systems by enhancing services on buses and trains and providing passengers with adequate information at stops. By doing this, people would be more confident to use public transportation, leading to a reduction in car numbers. Secondly, exclusive lanes for buses should be built to enable buses to avoid crowded city streets. Consequently, passengers are discouraged to drive their personal cars due to shorter time taken on the public transportation. Lastly, stricter traffic regulations should be introduced. For example, parking on the side of the road is not allowed and people breaking the rules will be heavily fined. In conclusion, in my opinion, other solutions to congestion and pollution are more constructive than increasing the petrol prices.
May 25, 2015
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