"addressed" here means "to begin to solve the problem" In your phrase, someone believes that having regular check-ups (doctor visits) will help fight or avoid a medical problem. Without the context, it's a little difficult to give an exact explanation. You can "address a problem" "address an issue" "address a situation". They all mean start to deal with some problem or begin working for a solution.

btw, i would say 'preventative check-up', not 'preventive check-up' - not sure if either is wrong, both are understandable.

以預防體檢處理某事

Example: if you have a dental check up each year = preventive check-up for gum disease, tooth decay etc