To add to Nicholas' answer, one would never use "liana" in daily conversation. It's a botanical term. "Vine" serves for the general meaning.

My understanding is that a liana is simply a tropical vine, according to various online dictionaries. "Liana" and "vine" are almost synomyms; they are both creeping/climbing plants. The only difference between these two words is that a liana characteristically grows in tropical places whereas a vine grows in any other type of environment. Thus,to put it another way, you could say that a liana is a type of vine, but a vine can be a liana only if it grows in a tropical environment. To answer the second question, plants that are creeping (developing gradually over a period of time) or climbing (growing in an upward direction) are both representative of vines. If the creeping/climbing plant grows in a tropical setting, you can say it is a liana. In short, it all depends on which environment the vine grows (tropical or non-tropical).

vines include both herbaceous and woody plants, liana refers to a woody vine. Many are tropical, but poison ivy and grapes are examples of a liana in temperate environment.