sorry I am japanese so I canot understand chinese.

Hi, sister. 间in this case refers to a definite time period 转眼间can be translated exactly as ‘in the twinkling of an eye’ 转眼之间，大街上就空无一人。 In a trice, the street was empty. 冬天过去了，转眼又到了春天。 Winter had passed and spring followed closely. 在比赛的前一天晚上the very night before the contest I don’t see ‘every’ here, maybe it comes from the rest of that sentence. 起来used after a verb or an adjective is to indicate the beginning and continuation of an action. 唱起歌来 begin to sing, 风吹起来了 The wind rose rapidly 天气渐渐暖和起来. It’s getting warm. 趁is prep, means taking advantage of 趁你有空的时候多看些书. Do read more books when you have the time. 趁路上没车赶紧过. Run across while the road is clear. 趁你们在这儿，咱们聊聊. Let’s have a chat now that you are here. You may think 趁 as ‘when’, and 时候 as ‘the time’ I understand why you would ask why not: 时候…趁, because the English expression is: (the time) when sth happened , but the Chinese way to express it is: when, sth happened, (the time). In English, (At the time) when the wolf is staring blanky, the hen…… In Chinese would be, 趁the wolf is staring blanky (的时候), the hen…… 被is about passive voice, ‘be done by’ e.g. The hen被the wolf追上了, it means the hen was caught by the wolf If without 被, the sentence would be The hen 追上了the wolf, meaning the hen caught the wolf, which is hilarious.

chinese has these grammar points call "complements". it's a good idea to look into them as they will help improve your chinese level greatly in your sentence 鸡妈妈被绑了起来 the 绑了起来 uses the "complement of direction" grammar point in layman terms it means to fasten up. 起来 meaning up 站起来－ means stand up. here are the most common complements of direction u will see 上来，上去，下来，下去，进来，进去，出来，出去，回来，回去，过来，过去，起来 as for 被追上了 this is complement of result caught up with them... 追 is the verb and 上了 is the result of the verbs action. here are some more examples 我吃完了。。i finished eating 我写好了。。i finished writing it well

well,in chinese u know there're lot of "nonsense",with or without 'em no different at all,but we just say it like this way. “间”here is short for “之间”，“......的时间内”，means a period of time,“转眼间”means the time flies very soon,only as long as u winked,it's done.sure it's exaggerated.and u're right that without "间”is too ok,and has the same meanin' with it. actually u seems miss it.it's "half a sentence",not finished yet. it means "durin' the night be4 the contest,..." "起来” here is not "get up",it's adv. here,means it begins to work, it started,or sth.'s finished,got it 抓了起来(got it)，火着了起来（the fire starts)，verb+了+起来，but not every verb can be used this way. “趁” u can take it place with "when",when the time the fox is doin' sth.... “趁......的时候” means "when the time/moment..." “被追上了” means sb. runs after sb.,and the front guy is been catched.so "追”means “run after",but "追上了” means "have catched sb".

1\转眼间几年过去了.:转眼-俄eye roationg. 间-period\time. 转眼间--the time when the eyes rotatesl. 转眼间几年过去了--some years passed in the time when your eyes rotate,means time goes very fast.. the above answer is very good