In this context, "put over" means to prioritize or to care more about. It could also mean to pay attention to. Read the sentence with "prioritize" in place of "put over". "Investors who prioritize assumptions about a company's long-term success over its short-term performance may view the American government's attention as a signal of SMIC's potential." Let me know if you have any additional questions!

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It means to view or to consider something to have greater value or importance when compared to something else. "I am putting my family's needs over yours." "He shouldn't put his opinion over the experts."

to put something over something else means to favour, value, prioritise, give more weight to, or care more about the first of the two things mentioned. e.g He put his family over his friends = His family are more important than his friends, he chooses he family first.