Actually, both are correct. The second option in each example is more widely used, but there's nothing wrong with saying "of which...". It's much more formal and maybe slightly old fashioned and is probably used more in writing than speaking

The bank across the street, where I am the manager, is up for sale. Maria was also a member of the science club where I am the head. Maria was also a member of the science club which I head.

They are both correct, but neither are that natural. You would almost always say "The bank across the street I am the manager of, is up for sale"

It seems like you're being tested on the placement of the object of a preposition. The sentences using "of which" to introduce the relative clause would be historically the correct ones which is why my answer is the first sentences are "right". In the past clauses ending with a "dangling preposition" (for example "of" not followed by an object) were considered incorrect. But today it would probably be more natural and common to hear the second sentences if I had to choose from the ones provided.

Second option "The bank across the street, which I am the manager of, is up for sale" "Maria was also a member of the science club that I am the head of"