Man is transgressor

No, I don't think so. You could simply say "man is transgressor", "humanity is the transgressor", or "humans are the transgressors". "man is transgressor" would have been acceptable in the past, but it is considered old-fashioned and sexist today. We no longer refer to "all of humanity" with a male noun. I don't know about other English speaking countries, but in Canada and the USA "the man" is an old-fashioned slang phrase referring to people who have power over you. People like the police, or bosses at work, or the legal system. A lot of times it describes some invisible power that is working against you. "Why can't I get a good job, and live in a nice house? Because THE MAN is keeping you down." This example doesn't refer to a specific person, it just gives you the feeling that there is SOMEONE out there who is working against you. So when you consider this slang phrase, your example takes on a different meaning.

"The man" means one individual, adult male. However, if you delete the article, you get just 'man', which can be used in the sense of mankind/humanity. For example, Rousseau's famous line, "Man is born free and is everywhere in chains" ("O homem nasce livre, e por toda a parte encontra-se a ferros") This rule also applies to many abstract concepts: life, death, love, hate, freedom, happiness, money and so on. Whereas in Portuguese (and other Latin languages), these nouns have an article, in English we make them abstract by using them without an article.