我起床太晚了。

"我太晚起床了“not meet the Chinese word order used to "我起床太晚了”has the same means to "我太晚起床了"

I think we can not judge the sentence if it's correct or not. It depends on what you want to emphrasize. If you emphasize "it's too late" then you can use " 我太晚起床了 ” But the usual way is "我起床太晚了 ”，it's usually used to explain why you get something else late, oh because I got up too late,not because of getting stuck in traffic, not because of illness,etc.