Study the difference in use and meaning between the simple present and the present continuous. https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpre-prepro Use the simple present for routines, habits, and facts. Use the present continuous for things happening now, future plans, and temporary situations.

"Where do you go?" is a complete sentence. However, it is out of context.

Where do you go is not really a complete question. An example would be Where do you go to buy shoes? I go to the mall to buy shoes or Where do you go to buy bus ticket? you go to the bus station to buy a bus ticket. Where are you going is a complete question. An example Where are you going? I am going to the mall. or where are you going? I am going to France