"取得" normally means you "take" something by yourself, whereas "获得" means you acquire something from somewhere or someone that is in a higher position than you, such as a university or an organization. Most of us use those two interchangeably. The difference in between is ignorable.

差不多

I would say 获得 can be used in the sense of something "bestowed" upon you, where as 取得 places more emphasis on acquiring.

They are synonyms and interchangeable. It's not necessary to distinguish them.