just to stay safe, I'll be basing my answer thru Entertainment (music, movies, etc.): Western countries are more DOMINANT as compared to Eastern countries. :)

I find it is the mind set of people that is the most different as this is influenced by their governments and education systems.

Firstly, I think Dmitry has a selective view of history. As nations gained power, they sought to force their influence on surrounding nations. The most recent incarnation was the rise of the European nations, followed by USA which also coincided with the technical ability to operate on a global scale. But before that time, there were many conquerors of foreign lands, including Moors, Aztecs, Hun, Vandals, Goth, Ghengis Khan through to the Egyptians and on to pre-history. It is not an easy question, because each country is made of a variety of people, with a range of attitudes. As an Australian, possibly the biggest difference I see is the acceptance of variation in others. It is strongest in the youngest, and Australia is not alone. Most Australians seem to be willing to accept other peoples life choices, including religious and sexual, with less censure than some other countries. There is only two requirements, the other person is free to choose their lifestyle, but it must not adversly affect others, and they should not force others to follow the same choices.

Western countries were more aggressive and conquered many lands.