Unless you have a physical problem (meaning you are deaf) you hear every sound , or for example every word in a conversation. Listening means that you are paying attention to those sounds or words. So in your sentences " I can't hear you." means that perhaps a phone line is not good, or the other person is not talking loud enough. " I can't listen to you" means that you are angry with the person and don't want to talk with them. " I can't talk right now." means that you are busy.

hear = oir; listen = escuchar. The differences and usage are the same as in Spanish (no puedo oírte / no puedo escucharte). But unlike Spanish, the verb "listen" when used transitively (with a direct object) requires the preposition "to" (I cannot listen to his lies any longer.)

I think the first one right

Hi, no they are not equal. "Listen" is an active action, "Hear" is a "verb of perception" and this difference is important for the following rule >> "Hear, see, watch, notice and similar verbs of perception can be followed by object + infinitive without to or object + -ing form." -- I can't HEAR you, because the music is too loud (perception) -- I can't LISTEN to music, because I have no time for (intention) I hope this helps