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Are Estar/Hacer Always Needed for Present/Past Participle? Whenever the continuous or perfect cases are used in a sentence, with the -ando/-iendo endings, is estoy or he required before the verb. For Instance: I am loving = estoy amando. Is it always required to have "estoy" if the subject is understood? Or is this a required conjugation whenever these participles are used?

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In Spanish, a verbal periphrasis is a verbal construction made of two verb forms, a conjugated form and an impersonal form (an infinitive, a present participle, or a past participle). Verbal periphrasis is used in the informal future, the present progressive, and the perfect tenses. Estar + verbo (gerundio)= perífrasis verbal. So it is always required to have 'estar'. Otherwise you just use: 'Yo amo'. Yo estoy amando a mi esposa. vs Yo amo a mi esposa.

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