They're common in business. In regular, casual speech not so common. But I think that's mostly because outside of business people don't really care much about these kinds of things. If it's a business setting, go ahead and use these.

They are fine examples of words with clear specific meanings. There are situations where these words are essential. They are relatively modern ideas, so there isn't a lot of alternative vocabulary. If you want to talk about this specific topic, then these are the words you need. In all other situations, you don't have any use for them, or for alternatives. If you're not talking about structures of corporate entities and ownership, you can forget them.

These are definitely common words, but usually only in a business context.