There are only two, technically - present and past -- and all full sentences need a finite verb in one or other of those tenses. Then all the compound verb forms are produced by combining an auxiliary verb in present or past tense with one or more nonfinite verbs.

Progressive aspects for sure, especially present tense. Even with the past tense unless it's a really common verb. Future is common but rarely colloquially used with the standard "will" as in "I will go/do/etc.", rather, "I'm going to go" (or REALLY casually, "I'm gonna go" or even "Imma go"). However we can even use the present tense when referring to something that happened in the past if we're telling a story or something. i.e - "So I'm walking down the street and I see this dog. The dog barks at me and I run back home cause I'm a scaredycat." That's using all present-tense verbs but from context is clearly something that already happened. English is silly sometimes.