1. Yes, that's correct. There aren't many definite rules we can give you about preposition use, but this is one: With the exception of 'to' ( which is generally - but not always - followed by the infinitive) you can always be sure that any other preposition will always be followed by a gerund. For, with, of, from, by, on, without, in.... they always have the '...ing' form after them. You can never follow these prepositions with an infinitive or with a conjugated form of a verb - prepositions need to be followed by nouns or gerunds. It's a simple rule, but a good one. I wish more teachers would tell their students about it! 2. There are two types of 'ing ' form: (i) The gerund. This is used as the subject of a sentence (Smoking is bad for you), following a preposition (Thank you for helping me) and after certain verbs (I'll start working soon). (ii) The present participle. This is the equivalent of the Spanish '..ando' '..endo' verb forms, and often describes a state or activity. It can be used with the verb 'to be' as part of continuous tenses (He is sleeping) and or on its own (He walked out of the room, whistling. ) (iii) Besides. This is because 'besides' is a preposition. As I said above, nouns follow prepositions. 'Also' is an adverb. I hope that helps.

You are correct - for + verb = ing You use "ing" at the end of verbs if you are talking about them in the present Example: "I am running to the store" - "I am sleeping" - " I am working" You also use "ing" when you you "was" to talk about the past Example: "I was running" - "I was sleeping" - "I was working"

Thank you for helping me. Ving=noun. You can also say Thank you for your time.I think thank you for should following noun phrases：）That's what I thought.