Yes. If you say "designer clothes," it means the clothes are of a very high-end brand. You can say "clothing brand," to talk about what company (brand) made the clothes.

Great question! A more common saying that you might hear used is, "brand of clothing". For example, " I really don't wear that brand of clothing." In this example, the word "brand" is in place of the specific clothing brand, such as, Levi's, Polo, Victoria's Secret, etc. Another version is "brand name", Example, "I don't always buy brand name clothing." This means, the person does not care if the type of clothing has a designer or well known brand name.