>> could anyone help me explain why a noun can be followed by an adj? These words are actually adverbs. Though they can also be adjectives, if you use them before the object (usually, but not always). When used after in these cases, they become adverbs and hold a different function. That function is to describe a state in these cases. There are a lot of definitions of an adverb, so it will take some time to understand. >> 1, There are three small boats available for XXX There are two adjectives: small and available. However they are both adjectives only if both used before the object: "three small, available boats." Move 'available' after the object, and it becomes an adverb. >> 2, literacy is considered a basic skill necessary to function in the modern world. Again, 'necessary' is a adjective when used like this: 'basic, necessary skill'. Move it after the object, 'skill,' and it becomes an adverb describing a state of necessity to function in the world. >>should it be? >> 1, There are three small boats that are available for XXX That can work, but it is not more or less correct than the other. >> 2, literacy is considered a basic skill that is necessary to function in the modern world. Yes, that works too. Again, it's neither more or less correct. However it is more verbose, and as you become a better writer, you can use less words to communicate the same thing.