"He stood before me" is a pretty old-sounding sentence. Native speakers don't really use the word 'before' like that except in very serious or formal situations. ex) He was brought before a judge. [very serious!!] ex) She defended her thesis before a jury of her professors. [extremely formal!] Generally speaking, if you're talking about LOCATION, use "in front of." If you're talking about TIME, use "before." ex) The cat is in front of the dog. ex) He stood in front of me. ex) There is a mailbox in front of the gas station. ex) I woke up before my wife. ex) Before you take the test, please write your name. ex) I was a teacher before I became a zookeeper.

There is no difference in meaning, but using 'before' to describe a physical location is very formal and old-fashioned. You should be aware of this meaning in case you come across it in literature, but you shouldn't use it yourself. The modern-day English equivalent is 'in front of'.