There is not much difference in the first four words. They are all *adjectives* meaning, roughly, the same thing: something to be laughed at. They all usually have a negative meaning. Her new idea is ridiculous/absurd/ludicrous/laughable. Her idea is not funny, but her new idea can be laughed at, because it is not a good one. Burlesque, on the other hand, is almost always a noun. It refers to a stage show that makes fun of something and/or includes vulgar elements. About the only time burlesque is used as an adjective is when it is describing a theater or production that includes these elements: a burlesque production, a burlesque stage show.