"Find" means "to locate" when referring to a physical object. So, in terms of the wallet question, "Did you find it" does indeed mean "Were you able to locate it?" To say "Did you make an effort to locate your wallet" you could ask "Did you look for your wallet?" In that case, "look for" specifically talks about the effort. "Find" works similarly when talking about jobs; to tell someone "Go find a job" means to get employment somewhere. It is similar to the phrase "look for a job;" both mean that you are trying to gain employment. Hopefully that helps; please let me know if you need any more clarification.

Depends on the context