1) 'for instance' and 'for example' are the same 2)'choose' can be referred to living or non living things, but 'elect' is specifically coined for person(s), else they mean the same. 3)'effects on' means the effect is on the 'exterior', while 'effects in' means the effect is 'interior'. 4)"comparison to' is widely used while comparing from different sets of things, while 'comparison with' is used while comparing similar sets of things. Hope this helps Answered to the best of my knowledge. Suggestions and corrections always welcome !