in"both vindicated and reassured" , what does this "both"indicate ? In his Paris 1925 Lanoux notes that, whether reached by the 40 sous route or by the "pleasure train," Deauville was an extension of the Bois de Boulogne, where "all the young ladies who have their little dog also have their little automobile." He might also have included "their little Kodak." Photography became a passion that grew as the era increased in narcissism. The more they became marginal, the more the demimondaines revealed themselves to be obsessively preoccupied with their own lives and persons. They used the camera in the same way they used the mirror, as an instrument for measuring their charms. Their albums, in which these ignored women came out of the shadows and appeared in full light, both vindicated and reassured them.