I sometimes find that the best way to answer the question "what does this look like" when you have a Chinese character is to put it in a Google image search. With an image search, you also get an interesting sense of what context those words are used in (at least on the English accessible web, including Hong Kong and Taiwan). For example, not surprisingly, 橙色 is used for the fruit and for describing things which are exactly orange fruit colored. 橘黄色 is definitely redder and is used to describe items somewhat more commonly than 橙色. For 棕色 and 褐色, indeed compare an image search of 褐色的头发 to 棕色的头发. Wow, that's hard to tell the difference. I'd call it brunette. ;)

橘 = tangerine (fruit), more red than yellow orange color 橙 = orange (fruit), more yellow than red orange color

in my opinion they are the same. however, 橙色 = 橘黄色 橙色的 = 橘黄色的 棕色 and 褐色 are similar. 褐色 is darker than 棕色. for example, the color of hair: 金黄色的头发-------棕色的头发----------褐色的头发-----------黑色的头发 from left to right, darker and darker

橙色的 是形容词，橙黄色 是名词。橙黄色是橙色和黄色混合的颜色

I can't tell the difference between 橙色的 and 橘黄色. Maybe it's safe to consider they are the same at most of time :) And 棕色 is a little darker than 褐色, but they looks similar in my opinion