The previous answer was quite good. I just want to emphasize that phrasal verbs, like idioms have a meaning that can not be understood literally. In other words, you may know what each word means but you shouldn't even try to guess the meaning of the phrasal verb as a whole. You must learn them as a complete expression. You can look up phrasal verbs in your English language dictionary or do a google search (by using the search engine, not translate.google.com which is unreliable). Search the phrasal verb followed by the word definition. This will insure that you get links to dictionaries and also probably English learning websites.

I suggest that you look at this italki grammar site and scroll down to phrasal verbs http://www.italki.com/knowledge/page/ENGLISH%20GRAMMAR.htm

Actually, a phrasal verb is different from a verb phrase. A verb phrase, sometimes called a predicate, is made up of a main verb along with any complements, objects or adverbial phrases that follow it. It is a verb plus a lot of other things if they exist in a sentence. you have to look at the whole sentence. If the two words can be understood literally, it’s a verb and a preposition. If they have to be taken together with a meaning that has little or nothing to do with the meaning of the verb alone, then it’s a phrasal verb. Consider these examples: I went out of the room for a moment. – Here, the words in the phrase “went out” literally mean “went” and “out.” This is a verb (went) and a preposition (out). I went out with him a few times. – Here, the phrase “went out” is a phrasal verb meaning “spent time romantically.” It doesn't necessarily indicate that you went anywhere, in or out.

You can get so much help about ur English by using any website. I use talkenglish.com you can check that out. in there, are a lot of phrases too.