it's too hard to answer ur question. i think it'd better if u slow down and try to learn a little bit at a time. Rome isn't built in a day. and sometimes we sepak chinese in a way irrelevent to grammar. traditions also matter very much.

si vous n'avez pas encore étudié complètement le chinois, c'est très normal que vous avez le problème comma ça, vous devez commancer par le prononciation------pinyin, ne touchez pas aux caractères chinois car ils sont compliqués. Donc d'abord, vous devez savoir comment écrire le chinois par pinyin, étudiez la grammaire chinoise, et après, étudiez les caractères chinois.

read the book and you will find your answer: Chinese grammar, A Grammar of Spoken Chinese written by Chao Yuen Ren published by (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968) or 國語語法 - 中國話的文法 趙元任 著

just like in any language grammar structures are connected with word usage which is some words you can use this way but some -- cannot and thus there's no "one rule for all words"

Your question is far too generic! I suggest you learn to master SHORT sentences first. You can learn that stuff from a book or audio courses. After that you can start writing longer sentences.