運転手らは、通常「コールバン」と呼ばれる荷物用の運搬車として営業していますが、車体をタクシーそっくりに偽装して
Can anybody tell which is the object of the first part of the sentence? I know the basic meaning of the sentence is "The drivers do business with xxx, which is called コールバン and is used as cargo car", they change the ...I feels there should be an object in the place "xxx" but there isn't. I assume the object should be something that is used as a cargo vehicle.

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you are on the right track. 

the original sentence is strange to me. 
here, 「として」 should be used with an object. 
like you say, the object that is used as a cargo vehicle.

though, 
「営業する」is a 自動詞, so it doesn't take 目的語object marker. 
i'd say, for example 
「運転手らは通常「コールバン」と呼ばれる荷物用の運搬車を使って　営業している。」 

if i look at the sentence before, i might have a better idea...

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