Gramatically the sentence is correct. I'm not sure what it means however. The first part "I would like to analyze Japanese mathematical textbooks" is clear and understandable. What do you mean to say with the second part? Do you intend to examine the books to determine which grade level they are appropriate? Or do you want to examine textbooks OF different levels of education (a comparision for example between a high school books versus a college textbook)?

That sounds fine to me, no need for correction :)

I would like to analyze Japanese mathematical textbooks for different educational levels,