历史上最高温度曾达到47摄氏度。 I'm not sure what "曾" means here. "Once"? Yes, 曾，曾经，曾一度都是表达相同意思，once，once before,there was a time when都是曾经的意思 这时精心化好的妆被冲掉了 I'm not sure what does "冲" mean. 冲掉literally means wash away, wash off, here the sentence means'elaborate makeup is being washed away (by tears, water,rain....)now '

“曾”means "once" here “冲” 可以理解为“掉了，不再是原来的样子了，洗掉了”。 这要结合具体语境