What is the use of "wa and ni" in a sentence? What does it mean?
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-は
((係助詞))
1 〔叙述の主題を表す〕
月は地球の衛星である
The moon is a satellite of the earth.
2 〔他のものと区別・強調する〕
彼は酒は飲むが,たばこは吸わない
He drinks but doesn't smoke.
何でもしますがそれだけはだめです
I'll do anything but that.
3 〔場所を示す〕
東京はどちらのお生まれですか
In what part of Tokyo were you born?
-に
((格助詞))
1 〔場所〕at; in
戸口にたたずむ
stand at the door/stand in the doorway
伯父の家に滞在している
I am staying at my uncle's./I am staying with my uncle.
2 〔方向〕to; 〔目的地〕for
明日京都に行く
Tomorrow I am going to Kyoto.
九州に向けて発った
He left for Kyushu.
3 〔時〕at; on; in (▼一般的に,時刻はat, 日付はon, 月・年・時代はinを用いる)
1時に
at one (o'clock)
彼は3年後に帰国するはずだ
He is due to return home 「in three years [in three years' time].
4 〔割合〕
この雑誌は1年に4回発行される
This magazine is issued four times a [per] year.
総会は3年に1度開かれる
The general assembly is held every three years.
5 〔比較,関係〕
前記に同じ
the same as the above-mentioned
それはこれに劣る
That is 「inferior to this [worse than this].
6 〔理由,原因〕for; with
恥ずかしさに赤面した
She blushed for shame.
うれしさに躍り上がった
He danced for [with] joy.
7 〔…として〕as; for
親切にしてもらったお礼 (の印) に彼らを招待した
He invited them 「as a token of his gratitude for [in return for] their kindness.
8 〔付加,反復〕
10に3を加える
add three to ten
伯父に伯母にその息子たちが来た
My uncle and aunt and their sons came.
9 〔変化の対象〕
病気になる
become [fall] ill/((米)) get sick
10 〔動作の対象〕
山に登る
climb a mountain
駅で友達に会った
I met a friend of mine at the station.
11 〔行為の目的〕
旅行に出掛ける
go on a trip
散歩に行く
go for a walk
12 〔動作主〕
彼にだまされた
I was fooled by him.
あの男に財布を取られた
That man stole my wallet./I was robbed of my wallet by that man.
13 〔…に関して〕
彼は公徳心に欠けている
He is lacking in a sense of public morality.
青年は活力に満ちていた
The youth was full of vitality.
14 〔状態〕
二つの線は直角に交わっている
The two lines cross each other at right angles.
垣根[ガラス戸]越しにその男を見た
I looked at the man 「over the fence [through the glass door].
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