Ok. Firstly, as far as I am aware, according to traditional grammar , there is no such thing as a non-predicate verb unless it is an imperative such as " Go!". A predicate as far as I am aware is "that part of the sentence which is not the subject." "In an active sentence, the subject is before the predicate (verb and object). ... In a passive sentence, the subject of the sentence is placed after the verb in the object position." So in the case of question 1 everything in the sentence (both clauses) other than "Disneyland California" is the predicate. "Team" and "they." As for the answers A1. In my opinion, and I can give no rule for it is that either, 'opened' or 'having opened' would work. 'Having opened...' sounds more formal. 'Opened...' sounds slightly more dramatic. I would further more I would suggest that both of them are short for 'having been opened'. Having asked othere native speakers they seem unsure and say that either would suffice. A2. I would go for 'having been asked' as the correct answer. It is a passive, the subject of the passive is I, (I as in first person singular) Having been asked to do overtime that evening. A3. Here I would suggest 'being cheered'. I would suggest this for the following reason Ïf we expand the phrases 'being cheered' and to be 'cheered' to 'whilst being cheered' and 'in order to be cheered'. The team are not touring the in order to get cheered, rather they are touring the city whilst their fans are cheering them. Apart from the definition of the predicate above the rest is my opinion as a native speaker. Just remember that many grammar 'rules' are not fixed and can change over time.

I agree w James’ answers. I’m not good giving technical grammar rules, but I think a good rule of thumb in English is not to begin a sentence with a past tense verb, and only begin a sentence with a present tense verb if it is a command form. “Go get the car!” “Clean your room!” “Eat your food.” Usually there would be a noun or pronoun first. - “The park opened in 1955.” - “They asked him to work overtime.” “He was asked to work overtime.” - “They will cheer for their team.” You have to tell us who is doing the action or who is affected by the action before you mention the action. So... If you want to use the verb “goes”, first ask yourself, “who is going”... “Nancy is going”. So, the sentence would begin with “Nancy” and now you conjugate “go” to match. - “Nancy goes.” Next, ask yourself, “where is she going?” - to the store = “Nancy goes to the store.” ... If a person was affected by an action it would start, for example, “Nancy was”, then you explain what happened to Nancy. “Nancy was asked a difficult question.” - “Nancy was given an answer.”

Thank you, James. But can you tell me why？

1. Having opened in 1955, Disneyland in California is.... 2. Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 3. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city (C.) to be cheered by their enthusiastic supporters.