In January this year, the coronavirus crisis descended on China. In January this year, China was engulfed by the coronavirus crisis.

In January of this year, the entire country of China was shrouded in a cloud of Coronavirus. China was shrouded in a cloud of Coronavirus in January of this year.

"In January this year, a cloud enveloped China: The coronavirus." PS: "shrouded" is not a great word here, because is usually means "hidden." (Also, even if you meant that, "enshrouded" is better. The "en" prefix implies an action. [Eg: To "entrance" means to put in a trance.] "Shrouded" implies a continuing status). PPS: "shrouded" also can refer to being covered with a funeral shroud, so "shrouded" might work better if you used a scarier or more morbid word than 'cloud" : "In January, death enshrouded China, as the coronavirus killed thousands of people."

Hello! I would say it like this: "In January this year, China was engulfed by a wave of the coronavirus". I changed the sentence around to emphasize the fact that China was engulfed by the virus. "engulfed" is a good word to use to describe something being completely covered and "wave" is a good word to use as it describes something that covers everything in its path. I hope that helps!