Submit documents　書類を出す、書類を提出する。in this case.Both are same mean. but 出す has many mean such as Take 〔something〕 out/withdraw 〔something〕/issue.etc.

Hello. “出す”shows a broader meaning. For example, “手を出す”means someone hit other someone, kind of violence. Or have a kind of the sexual relationship with the girls. “お金を出す”means someone brings out the money from his purse, or pay the bill of the lunch, dinner,… some opportunity with his friends. On the other hand, “提出する”means submit a kind of the report, homework, … to the authority. I did my best, thanks for reading (*・ω・)ノ