I am not sure exactly what the context of the story is either, but... In English when we say "no catch" that usually means that there is no hidden disadvantage in a given situation. This expression is also used as "What's the catch?" which means what problem or disadvantage is being hidden from the proposal.

It's hard to tell without context, and my first though is the same as Tad's. It's also possible to refer to your new boyfriend/girlfriend as a "catch", especially if he/she has a very good character, or is very good for you. This is a fishing analogy. If that's the context, then if the speaker has no money, then he can't find a good-quality girlfriend. If it is literal (ie. they are really fishing for fish!) , then "I have no money, no catch" might mean "I have no money to pay for a crew, so I have no fish (my catch) to show."