This is a big question. I'll take the first sound: It's usually 'sh' short wash In words of French origin it can be 'ch' machine charade It can also be 't' followed by 'io' nation cautious It's also the sound of 'ss' in the middle of a word, followed by 'io' transmission passion or 'c' followed by 'io' precious Those are the most usual ways that /ʃ/ are spelt. I'll let someone else deal with the other sounds.

/ʃ/ (sh) as in ship; /ʒ/ (zh) as in measure; /ʤ/ as in judge,; job; just; /tʃ/ (ch) as in church.

I can see that you're not getting many answers for the other sounds, so here are some more: /ʒ/ leisure, massage /ʤ/ jump, general /tʃ/ child, match