what does perplexing and and refractory mean in the sentence?
Equally perplexing constituents of Allende are the refractory inclusions: irregular white masses that tend to be larger than chondrules.

Question

what does perplexing and and refractory mean in the sentence? 
Equally perplexing constituents of Allende are the refractory inclusions: irregular white masses that tend to be larger than chondrules.

Answer

'Perplexing' here means causing wonder, confusion or uncertainty. 'Refractory' here most likely means a material that can stand high temperatures.

If this is referring to Allende meteorite, then the sentence means that the irregular refractory masses found to be included in the meteorite caused scientists (or other people, for that matter) to either wonder about it or be mentally confused about it.

Hope I helped.

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