to study = учиться (чему-либо), to learn = усваивать (что-либо)

Studying implies a structured method of gaining knowledge Learning implies a more informal and casual approach :)

You will be doing basically the same whether you are 'learning' Russian or 'studying' it. You might use 'study' when you pursue a course at the university,it sounds more serious and could include learning literature and other aspects of the language. 'Learning' Russian could be in a language institute, on an online site such as italki etc. 'Studying' refers to pursuing the academic course itself, so it is many times connected with mentioning the place,where you study it. 'Learning' is the process of acquiring the knowledge (language here) by yourself,so you might say 'learning' by applying certain methods or 'learning' with a certain teacher etc.

To study is to try to learn something. It's a deliberate action. To learn can happen by studying, but also it can happen without any effort, perhaps by experience.

They can be the same. Studying Russian is studying the language or learning about it.