translation commentary In the fourth paragraph, I translated the expression “first and now” in the second sentence into “先后” for concision and the expression “the term has been applied to…” into “这一术语成为……的标签” instead of “这一术语适用于……” for vividness. And in the following sentence, if the expression “equally apt” is translated into “同样地恰当”, it cannot reflect the degree how the term “Word Factory” is appropriate for Japan and the mainland of China. Since “Four Little Dragons” was mentioned in the source text as a good example of description, the author must want to emphasize the term “Word Factory” is as good as it. So I translated the sentence into “这个名字的恰当程度可以与20世纪90年代的‘亚洲四小龙’媲美”. For the first sentence in the next paragraph, I translated the phrase “as a consequence of…” into “在……的影响下” instead of “作为……的结果” for naturalness. And in the next sentence, I translated the attributive clause of “crucial tests” into a new sentence to avoid a redundant modifier. For the first sentence in the last paragraph, I adjusted the word order by putting the adverbial modifier “up to now” at the beginning. And when translating “despite 50 years of phenomenal economic expansion” in the next sentence, I converted the noun phrase into a sentence and used the technique of amplification by adding the word “经历”. And the final translation version was “尽管它们已有50年的非凡的经济扩张经历”. In the next sentence, I didn’t literally translate the phrase “were built on” into “在……的基础上建造起来”, but translate it into “依靠……” instead. And the two following adjectives “well-trained” and “well-disciplined” are similar, so I translated them into one word “训练有素的”. In summary, the difficulties in translating this source text are most lexical problems, and it’s also important to deal with the word order and sentence structure.