Learning sentence patterns 1

Learning sentence patterns 1

1. 我很期待跟你聊天
I am look forward to chatting with you

跟 can be replaced by 和 and 与, being increasingly more formal.

2. 我很期待感恩节
I'm looking forward to Thanksgiving day

Grammatically correct, but really unnatural.
我很期待感恩节的到来。
 (I am looking forward to the coming of Thanksgiving day.)

3. 我很期待学会了普通话
I look forward to mastering Mandarin

了 indicates that the action it attaches to was carried out in the past or has been carried out.
我很期待学会普通话。
More naturally: 我很希望学会普通话。
 (I really hope to grasp Mandarin.)

4. 每天你得吃三个饭
you need to eat three meals every day

你要每天吃三顿饭。

5. 你必须每天吃药
You must take medicine everyday

6. 她以为你恨他她
She thought that you hated her

7. 我认为学会西班牙语不很难，我只应该许多学习也练习
I think mastering Spanish isn't too difficult. I just need to study and practice a lot

In fact, “master” (as a verb) is more like 掌握, and 学会 means “to grasp.” In addition, 只应该 means "should only," i.e. meaning what follows is a limitation not to be broken.
我认为学会西班牙语不会很难，我只是(or simply 只)需要多加学习和练习。
(I think grasping Spanish will not be too difficult. I just need to study and practice a lot.)
我认为学会西班牙语不是很难，我只是需要多加学习和练习。
(I think grasping Spanish is not too difficult. I just need to study and practice a lot.)

8.你妈妈不久来了 你得马上吃完汉堡
your mother will be here soon. You need to finish eating the hamburger right away

不久 is rather formal, and even if using this word, the correct sentence should be 你妈妈不久就会来了.
你妈妈很快就来，你要马上吃完汉堡。
你妈妈很快就会来了，你要马上吃完汉堡。
Or even better to use conjunctions:
因为你妈妈很快就会来了，所以你要马上吃完汉堡。
(因为: because, 所以: so.)

9. 他们必须不买过多东西
They must not buy too many things

过多 is rather formal like “excessive.”
他们一定不能买太多的东西。
 (They must not buy too many things.)
他们一定不能买得太多。
(They must not buy too much)
(得 is the indicator of adjuncts.)

10. 我以为美国人和中国人不同， 但是我相信世界人都一样的
I thought that Americans and Chinese people were different, but now I feel like everyone around the world is the same

以为 implies that one used to think like that, but no longer now due to some newly known facts.
我虽然过去认为美国人和中国人不同，但是现在觉得全世界的人都是一样的。
(虽然: although, 但是: but, 过去: in the past.)

11. 你学习的时候，你得悄悄地坐这里
You need to sit here quietly when you are studying

Conventionally, the second 你 is omitted since these two clauses have the same subject. Also, 悄悄地 is more like “furtively.”
你学习的时候要安安静静地坐在这里。
(安安静静 or 安静: quiet. Here it just sounds more natural to use the first one.)

12. 你必须星期一不出去
You must not go out on Monday

你星期一一定不能出去。

13. 你必须打宠物
You must not hit pets

你一定不能打宠物。

14. 我得告诉你她的故事
I need to tell you her story

For some verbs, the English pattern “verb + sth. (A) + sth. (B)” can be translated using the pattern “把 + B + verb + A” in Mandarin.
我需要把她的故事告诉你。
(I need to tell you her story.)
我有必要把她的故事告诉你。
(It is necessary for me to tell you her story.)

Good job, Faizan! You’re making fast progress and perhaps the same would be true for your Spanish :D