blood types
Nowadays in Japan, most people know their blood types. But until the beginning of the 20th century, blood types didn't exist. At that time, a blood transfusion was left up to chance. Some people were saved by a blood transfusion and other people were killed by a blood transfusion. Why did that happen? To answer this question, Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian biologist, conducted some experiments.
He focused on blood aggregation. First, he separated the blood into blood cells and plasma. He mixed one person’s blood cells with another’s plasma. He observed the reactions to various combinations. There were combinations that aggregated and those that did not.
He discovered a regularity to these combinations. Based on these results, he distinguished (#?) main blood types.
Because of Karl Landsteiner’s experiment (work, research), people understood that the main reason for negative reactions to a blood transfusion was blood type incompatibility. Death due to blood transfusions decreased sharply. This experiment contributed to the development of medicine.
note: you should have a sentence after "he focused on blood aggregation" to explain what blood aggregation is.
I would use "research" rather than experiment, since he experimented more than once.
accident is not the correct word here.