Crazy weather

* "The weather keeps surprising me" means the weather is always different and you never know what to expect.
* The "very" is optional but adds more emphasis, meaning that even though it's been 3 years and you should be used to it, the weather is so crazy you're still not used to it.
* You can say "it" since "was sunny" obviously refers to the weather. Same with "a rainy day," you can just say "now it's raining" because it is obvious you're talking about the weather.
* The "all of a sudden" is optional but it stresses how suddenly the rain came.
* "This is" refers to the weather and is more natural than "it's" in this case.
* You can use both "normal for Ural" and "normal here in Ural" but it depends on the context. I don't know if Yekaterinburg is part of a place known as the Ural region, but if it is then you can say "here in." Otherwise you say "normal for Ural" when you're talking about a place different from where you are, in this case comparing the weather to another place that also experiences weather that changes often.
* "offer a wind blows high" - I guess you mean "often the wind blows high"? A more natural way of saying that is "the wind is really strong here."
* The next sentence is a little confusing but I assume you brought an umbrella because you were worried it was going to rain.
* An umbrella is an object, so it cannot be alive or dead. Therefore saying an umbrella is "alive" is incorrect. We don't usually say "but it's fine, it's intact," rather we say "it's not broken/it didn't break" which implies it's still okay.