“按照”和“根据”有什么区别？

你好，你能够提出这样的问题，你的汉语水平已经相当好。

这两个词用作表达according to 多数语境里几乎是一样的，按照更强调according to外形，根据一般更强调according to sth. without shape，而且根据有时候可以表达because of，按照不可以。

Eg.

根据上述事实，本法庭判处被告故意伤害罪名成立。（这里就不能用按照，这里强调的是because of , base on）

请按照1：12的比例制作这个艾菲尔铁塔的模型。（这里也可以用根据，但是按照更合适）

“按照”和“根据”有什么区别？

不得不说，评论里很多人的回答是错误的，所以请题主注意不要被误导了。

I have to say that, lots of the answers in the comments are wrong, so please don't be misled by them.

”根据“在口语中比较少见，多见于书面。但这并不表示这两个词不存在其他区别。

"根据" is quite rare in oral conversation, and often appears in written materials. However, this is not the only difference between them.

楼上的回答非常好：“按照”偏事物的外形，而“根据”偏无外形的事物，如”根据这个事实“，”根据宪法规定“等等。

The answer posted up there is very good: "按照" stresses the shape of the object, while "根据" stresses incorporeity, eg.: "根据 this fact", "根据 the constitution" and so on.

此外我需要补充的是：

Besides that, there are some others I would like to mention:

“按照”还有另一个用法，也可以用于无外形的事物：”按照你/他的说法...“。这种情况下，“按照”和“根据”可以通用，但“按照”用于口语，“根据”用于书面“。

"按照"  can also be used to stress incorporeity sometimes: “按照 what you have/ he has said”。In this case, both "按照“ and ”根据“ can be used, the difference is: “按照” is casual (oral), and "根据" is formal (written).

在这个用法中，表示”Assuming what you/he said was right, then..."

It basically means "Assuming what you/he said was right, then.."

举例1：A: 他很讨厌你。B: 按照你的说法，他就不应该送我生日礼物。（If that was true, then he shouldn't have given me a birthday gift.) 这是一个用反证法反驳A的说法的情形。生活中，这种情形很常见：首先假设对方的观点正确，然后得出一个很荒谬的结论，来证明对方是错误的。

This is a case to argue what A has said. It is very common to see this in life: Firstly assume what the other one said is right, and come up with a very ridiculous conclusion --> that means the other one is wrong!

(The conclusion in the example is not very ridiculous though, just try to think of another better one, I am shit in imagination.)

举例2：A:他很讨厌你。B: 按照你的说法，我是不是不该去参加他的生日聚会？（So you suggest I do not attend his birthday party?) 这里弱化了假设，着重于询问对方的意见。

In this case, the assumption is not the key point, B just got some new information from A, and he is actually asking for A's opinion.

I can see your Chinese is very good now. And hope that can help. 

(I would really appreciate if you can correct the English in my answer as well :))