Day 3 - Logs for my Korean Learning progress

Today, I studied some phrases about location. For example, "식당이 어이 있어요?" "도서관 뒤에 있어요."

But I am confused with the particles in the sentences. How to use 이/가 and 은/는 with these location phrases?

because there are some examples: "소피아가 책방에 있어요." "가방은 의자 옆에 있어요."

So when should I use 이/가 or 은/는 after the subject?

Better study more tomorrow!

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This is my opinion so just refer to understand.

Actually, 은/는 and 이/가 are simiral meaning.

소피아가 책방에 있어요.

소피아는 책방에 있어요. both sentece is gramatically ok. also meanig is same.

Well, I'm not sure you konw Korean grammer. cause it's about grammer.

Let me try and i hope you can understand. English doesn't have 조사 system.

So, it's tricky to explain.

Basically, 이/가 are 주격조사. 주격조사 located after subject and descirbe subject.

So, if noun has 주격조사, that noun is subject.

소피아가 책방에 있어요.
주어 주격조사

In adiition, there is rule.

if noun has final consonant you use ~가

it doesn't have final consonant you use ~이

산이 높다. 산 has final consonat ㄴ. 산가 높다(x)

나무가 높다. 나무 doesn't have final consonat. 나무이 높다.(X)

but, 은/는 are 보조사. 보조사 also located after subject and use widely

Usually, 보조사 used when you want compare, select topic or emphasize.

but if 보조사 can substitude 주격조사, it's possible.

if noun has final consonant you use ~은
it doesn't have final consonant you use ~는

Bact to the your example.

"식당이 어이 있어요?"

식당 has 주격조사 ~이. So, 식당 is subject. and also 식당 has final consonent that's why choose 이. not 가.

"소피아가 책방에 있어요."

소피아 has 주격조사 ~가. 소피아 doesn't have final consonent. So, we use ~가.

"가방은 의자 옆에 있어요."

Here, 가방 has 주격조사. but, I already said 은/는 are originally 보조사.

Also, it's can replacement 주격조사. 

I guess, writer want emphasize 가방. So, writer use ~은(보조사) 

Here, 가방 has final consonent that why use 은 not 는

가방은 의자 옆에 있어요. (O)

가방는 의자 옆에 있어요. (X)

침대는 의자 옆에 있어요. (O)

챔대은 의자 옆에 있어요. (X)

I don't know my explanation are easy but I hope it's helpful to you.

Thank you.