TOEFL Essay (Integrated) - Do computers think?

The main question of the text is whether or not computers are able to think or not.

People have tried to find out the answer to this question for a long time: In 1950, the Turing Test was designed to investigate this question matter (question is still correct, I just figured you might add some variety!) and it is still employed until today. The Participants speak or type questions into a computer and later they have to decide, whether the answers they received came from another person or from a computer.

Until today, no computer was has been able to trick a person into thinking it was human. In the text, some several critical points about the Turing Test are mentioned. For example, the lecturer author explains that another scientist named Searle questioned the validity of the test, because he thought it was based on behaviour rather than on intelligence, meaning that any computer could pass the test by acting intelligent without actually being it. This it what he called the "Chinese rule." He illustrates this paradox by mentioning an English speaker speaking person who has to interact with a Chinese speaker speaking person through a computer. The English speaker is capable of imitating Chinese characters (language is implied) language signs, without really understanding their meaning. So, according to Searle, the Turing Test does not provide a real definitive answer to the question of whether or not computers can think or not.