Patriarchy （I ） Patriarchy is understood as a term specifically used in feminism in most of time. But in fact it is first introduced by experts in social science. According to Sylvia Walby, the earliest one applies this term is Weber (1947), who used it to refer to “a system of government in which men ruled societies through their position as heads of households.” (Sylvia Walby, 1990: 19) Later this term is adopted by radical feminists, “who developed the element of the domination of women by men and who paid less attention to the issue of how men dominated each other…” (Sylvia Walby, 1990: 19). According to Ara Wilson, the term “patriarchy” derives from the Old Testament of the Bible refering to “paternal ruler of a family, tribe, or church” originally (Ara Wilson, 2000: 1493). This term gains the public attention after the usage of feminists, as Ara Wilson writes, “In her groundbreaking book Sexual Politics, Kate Millet (1970) introduced the feminist use of the term patriarchy.” (Ara Wilson, 2000: 1493) It evolves in the context of women’s liberation movements in late 1960s and 1970s, which “emphasized large-scale social systems and structure – capitalism, colonialism, and racism.” (Ara Wilson, 2000: 1493) Based on this historical background patriarchy refers mainly to the dominance of male over female, which is pointed out in Kathy E. Ferguson’s book Patriarchy (Ferguson, 1999: 1050). Feminist Sylvia Walby defines patriarcy “as a system of social structures and pratices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women.” (Walby, 1990: 20). Similarly, Eisenstein understands the term as “sexual system of power in which the male possesses superior power and economic privilege” (quoted in Wison, 2000: 1494). In fact such an idea is not just shared among female scholars. Canadian sociologist Dorothy E. Smith sees patriarchy as “the totality of male domination and its pervasiveness in women’s lives” (quoted in Michelle, 2011: 441), and Allan G. Johnson describes a society as patriarchal “to the degree that it promotes male privilege by being male dominated, male identified, and male centered.” (Johnson, 2005: 5)